{"id":3505,"date":"2025-04-23T11:55:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T08:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/?p=3505"},"modified":"2025-05-19T17:34:05","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T14:34:05","slug":"radioterapia-tot-mai-eficienta-in-lupta-cu-cancerul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/noutati\/radioterapia-tot-mai-eficienta-in-lupta-cu-cancerul\/","title":{"rendered":"Radioterapia, tot mai eficient\u0103 \u00een lupta cu cancerul"},"content":{"rendered":"

Num\u0103rul<\/span> cazurilor de cancer din Rom\u00e2nia<\/span> ne situeaz\u0103 pe locuri frunta\u0219e<\/span> \u00een<\/span> Europa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2t<\/span> de mult a evoluat Radioterapia \u00een<\/span> ultima<\/span> vreme \u0219i cum se percepe \u00een<\/span> Romania<\/span> aceast\u0103 evolu\u021bie?<\/h3>\n

A evoluat mult \u00een<\/span> termeni de precizie a iradierii \u0219i<\/span> \u00een<\/span> termeni de siguran\u021b\u0103<\/span> pentru pacien\u021bi<\/span>. Are tot mai<\/span> pu\u021bine<\/span> reac\u021bii<\/span> adverse \u0219i devine tot mai<\/span> confortabil pentru pacient s\u0103 urmeze aceast\u0103 terapie.<\/p>\n

Progrese sunt<\/span> \u00een<\/span> materie de elaborare a planului de tratament \u0219i<\/span> de administrare a iradierii. Pentru planul de tratament, identificarea \u0219i<\/span> localizarea \u021bintelor<\/span> tumorale \u0219i<\/span> a organelor la<\/span> risc se face pe imagistic\u0103<\/span> 3D, pe imagistic\u0103<\/span> de tomografie computerizat\u0103<\/span>, de c\u0103tre<\/span> medic. Apoi, fizicianul medical stabile\u0219te<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> fasciculele de iradiere, o combina\u021bie<\/span> de fasciculi care s\u0103<\/span> acopere \u021binta<\/span>, cu doza<\/span> dorit\u0103<\/span> de medic \u0219i<\/span> cu doze c\u00e2t<\/span> mai<\/span> mici la<\/span> organele critice din vecin\u0103tate<\/span>. \u00cen<\/span> final, acest plan de tratament este transmis electronic, la<\/span> aparat<\/span>, de unde se face administrarea iradierii la<\/span> pacient.<\/p>\n

\u0218i \u00een administrarea iradierii sunt<\/span> progrese semnificative. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 tehnica<\/span> de Radioterapie 3D conforma\u021bionala (standard<\/span>) au ap\u0103rut \u0219i<\/span> tehnicile mai<\/span> elaborate: Radioterapia cu intensitate modulat\u0103, Arcterapia modulat\u0103<\/span> volumetric \u0219i<\/span> Radioterapia stereotactica, metode de tratament conforma\u021bionale de \u00eenalta<\/span> precizie. Asta<\/span> \u00eenseamn\u0103 tratamente mult mai<\/span> eficace \u0219i<\/span> mai<\/span> sigure.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd<\/span> recomanda\u021bi<\/span> pacien\u021bilor<\/span> Radioterapia?<\/h3>\n

Radioterapia se folose\u0219te<\/span> \u00een<\/span> mai<\/span> mult de 50-60% dintre cazuri, la<\/span> pacien\u021bii<\/span> bolnavi<\/span> de cancer. Ea poate fi folosit\u0103<\/span> \u00een<\/span> stadiile ini\u021biale<\/span> sau<\/span> medii ale bolii, cu inten\u021bie<\/span> curativ\u0103<\/span>, adic\u0103 poate s\u0103<\/span> creasc\u0103<\/span> durata<\/span> de supravie\u021buire<\/span> a pacientului. Dar \u0219i<\/span> \u00een<\/span> fazele avansate, metastatice ale bolii, cu inten\u021bie<\/span> paliativ\u0103<\/span>, de a ameliora<\/span> calitatea vie\u021bii<\/span> pacien\u021bilor<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Sunt<\/span> specializa\u021bi<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> medicii radioterapeu\u021bi<\/span> pe tratarea anumitor tipuri<\/span> de cancere?<\/h3>\n

La<\/span> terminarea reziden\u021biatului<\/span> medical specializat, radioterapia trebuie s\u0103<\/span> trateze practic toate localiz\u0103rile<\/span> cancerului. Pe parcurs, \u00een<\/span> func\u021bie<\/span> de orientarea clinicii c\u0103tre<\/span> tratarea unei anumite patologii sau<\/span> spre folosirea unei tehnici speciale de radioterapie, se pot organiza<\/span> training-uri<\/span>, cursuri \u0219i<\/span> stagii pentru specializ\u0103ri \u00een<\/span> vederea tratamentului pe o anumit\u0103<\/span> localizare sau<\/span> pentru o tehnic\u0103<\/span> special\u0103<\/span> de iradiere.<\/p>\n

Temerile pacien\u021bilor, referitor la<\/span> Radioterapie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sunt<\/span> pacien\u021bi<\/span> care au refuzat tratamentul din anumite motive, \u00een<\/span> cariera<\/span> dumneavoastr\u0103<\/span>?<\/h3>\n

Din p\u0103cate<\/span>, da<\/span>. Exist\u0103<\/span> pacien\u021bi<\/span> care refuz\u0103<\/span> tratamentul din comoditate, din neglijen\u021b\u0103<\/span> sau<\/span> chiar din team\u0103<\/span>. Acea teama<\/span> de raze, de radioterapie, pacien\u021bii<\/span> care nu sunt<\/span> informa\u021bi<\/span> corect sau<\/span> sunt<\/span> dezinforma\u021bi<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> care nu vin la<\/span> iradiere. Consecin\u021bele<\/span>, \u00eens\u0103<\/span>, sunt<\/span> extrem de nedorite. \u00cen\u021beleg<\/span>, \u00een<\/span> general, pacien\u021bii<\/span> greutatea unui diagnostic de cancer?<\/p>\n

Cei mai<\/span> mul\u021bi<\/span> da<\/span>. Bine\u00een\u021beles<\/span> c\u0103<\/span> exist\u0103<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> excep\u021bii<\/span>. Exist\u0103<\/span> pacien\u021bi<\/span> care practic, refuz\u0103<\/span> diagnosticul \u0219i<\/span> totodat\u0103<\/span>, refuz\u0103<\/span> tratamentul. \u00cencerc\u0103m<\/span> s\u0103<\/span> le explic\u0103m<\/span> care este rolul tratamentului oncologic, rolul radioterapiei \u0219i<\/span> s\u0103<\/span>-i facem s\u0103<\/span> \u00een\u021beleag\u0103<\/span> c\u0103<\/span> este o metod\u0103<\/span> sigur\u0103<\/span> de tratament \u0219i<\/span> o metod\u0103<\/span> cu beneficii demonstrate, at\u00e2t<\/span> \u00een<\/span> termen de control local, de sc\u0103derea<\/span> riscului de recidivare, c\u00e2t<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> \u00een<\/span> termen de ameliorare a supravie\u021buirii<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Care sunt<\/span> temerile pacien\u021bilor<\/span> care vin la<\/span> dumneavoastr\u0103<\/span>?<\/h3>\n

De reac\u021biile<\/span> adverse ale radioterapiei \u0219i<\/span> de riscul de a-i contamina<\/span> pe ceilal\u021bi<\/span>, de a-i iradia. Vin \u0219i<\/span> ne spun c\u0103<\/span> au copii, c\u0103<\/span> o s\u0103<\/span> \u00eei<\/span> iradieze. Dar sunt<\/span> neinforma\u021bi<\/span>. Noi \u00eencerc\u0103m<\/span> s\u0103<\/span> inform\u0103m<\/span> pacien\u021bii<\/span>, s\u0103<\/span> le spunem exact \u00een<\/span> ce const\u0103<\/span> iradierea, s\u0103<\/span> le spunem c\u0103<\/span> nu exist\u0103<\/span> niciun fel de pericol pentru cei din jur \u0219i<\/span> s\u0103<\/span>-i facem s\u0103<\/span> urmeze tratamentul, pentru a avea un prognostic finalmente bun.<\/p>\n

O durat\u0103<\/span> medie a tratamentului de Radioterapie depinde de localizare?<\/h3>\n

Sigur c\u0103<\/span> da<\/span>, depinde \u0219i<\/span> de inten\u021bia<\/span> tratamentului, dac\u0103<\/span> este curativ sau<\/span> paliativ. Tratamentele curative \u00eentotdeauna<\/span> sunt<\/span> mai<\/span> lungi, dureaz\u0103<\/span> \u00eentre<\/span> 5 \u0219i<\/span> 7 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni<\/span>, \u00een<\/span> vreme ce tratamentele paliative sunt<\/span> tratamente scurte, pentru c\u0103<\/span> acolo trebuie s\u0103<\/span> ob\u021bii<\/span> un rezultat foarte rapid, s\u0103 ameliorezi simptomele nepl\u0103cute<\/span> pe care le are pacientul din cauza<\/span> bolii evolutive.<\/p>\n

Radioterapia \u0219i stilul de via\u021ba al<\/span> pacientului<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103<\/span> dac\u0103<\/span> pacientul nu r\u0103spunde<\/span> la<\/span> tratament a\u0219a<\/span> cum anticipa\u021bi<\/span> dumneavoastr\u0103<\/span>? Se mai<\/span> face o reiradiere la<\/span> un moment dat?<\/h3>\n

Dac\u0103 nu am ob\u021binut<\/span> r\u0103spunsul<\/span> dorit, trebuie luat\u0103 o decizie \u00een<\/span> Comisia oncologic\u0103<\/span> multidisciplinar\u0103<\/span>. Acolo se stabile\u0219te<\/span> care este metoda<\/span> terapeutic\u0103<\/span> \u00een<\/span> momentul respectiv, cea mai<\/span> eficace pentru pacient. Bine\u00een\u021beles<\/span> c\u0103<\/span> exist\u0103<\/span> metode chirurgicale \u0219i<\/span> tratamente sistemice care pot s\u0103<\/span> amelioreze situa\u021bia<\/span>. Dar \u0219i cazuri \u00een<\/span> care se poate efectua<\/span> o reiradiere, \u00eens\u0103<\/span> exist\u0103<\/span> un interval de timp<\/span> care trebuie respectat de la<\/span> iradierea anterioara<\/span> p\u00e2n\u0103<\/span> \u00een<\/span> momentul reiradierii. \u00cen<\/span> unele cazuri, \u0219i<\/span> nu pu\u021bine<\/span>, reiradierea poate s\u0103<\/span> fie de succes.<\/p>\n

\u00cen<\/span> timpul radioterapiei clasice, c\u00e2t<\/span> de mult sunt<\/span> afectate organele din jur ? \u021aintele<\/span> tumorale sunt<\/span> mult mai<\/span> mici dec\u00e2t<\/span> \u00eenainte<\/span>?<\/h3>\n

La<\/span> ora<\/span> actuala<\/span>, prin sistemul de tratament se asigur\u0103<\/span> o protec\u021bie<\/span> foarte bun\u0103<\/span> a organelor de vecin\u0103tate<\/span>. Planul de tratament care se face are anumite constr\u00e2ngeri<\/span> pentru organele de vecin\u0103tate<\/span>, nu putem s\u0103<\/span> dep\u0103\u0219im<\/span> anumite doze, tocmai pentru a le menaja<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> a sc\u0103dea<\/span> la<\/span> maximum riscul de reac\u021bii<\/span> adverse produse, prin afectarea organelor respective. La<\/span> ora<\/span> actual\u0103<\/span> cea mai<\/span> buna<\/span> protec\u021bie<\/span> este cea oferit\u0103<\/span> prin sistemul de plan de tratament.<\/p>\n

Ce trebuie evitat de c\u0103tre<\/span> pacien\u021bi<\/span> \u00een<\/span> timpul tratamentelor, din punct de vedere al<\/span> regimului de via\u021b\u0103<\/span>? \u00ce\u0219i<\/span> pot continua<\/span> activitatea de zi cu zi, se pot duce la<\/span> serviciu \u00een<\/span> timpul tratamentului?<\/h3>\n

Stilul de via\u021b\u0103<\/span> trebuie s\u0103<\/span> fie unul normal, s\u0103n\u0103tos<\/span>, cu o alimenta\u021bie<\/span> echilibrat\u0103<\/span>, cu un consum adecvat de lichide, cu nivel de activitate fizic\u0103<\/span>, bine\u00een\u021beles<\/span>, corespunz\u0103tor<\/span> st\u0103rii<\/span> de s\u0103n\u0103tate<\/span> fizice a pacientului. Exist\u0103<\/span> restric\u021bii<\/span>, \u00eens\u0103<\/span> sunt<\/span> restric\u021biile<\/span> generale, cum ar fi: s\u0103<\/span> nu bea, s\u0103<\/span> nu fumeze, mai<\/span> ales<\/span> pentru pacien\u021bii<\/span> care fac radioterapia \u00een<\/span> sfera<\/span> ORL. Pentru ei, continuarea fumatului \u0219i<\/span> a consumului de b\u0103uturi<\/span> alcoolice \u00eenseamn\u0103<\/span> practic, o lipsa<\/span> de eficacitate a tratamentului, dar \u0219i<\/span> reac\u021bii<\/span> adverse cu mult mai<\/span> intense.<\/p>\n

Evident c\u0103<\/span> pacien\u021bii<\/span> care fac iradiere \u00een<\/span> sfera<\/span> abdominal\u0103<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> \u00een<\/span> cea pelvin\u0103 trebuie s\u0103<\/span> evite alimentele care fermenteaz\u0103<\/span>, alimentele grele, pentru c\u0103<\/span> radioterapia pelvin\u0103 produce grea\u021b\u0103<\/span>, v\u0103rs\u0103turi<\/span>, diaree. Acestea pot deveni accentuate de consumul respectiv de alimente. Bine\u00een\u021beles<\/span> c\u0103<\/span> expunerea la<\/span> soare, \u00een<\/span> momentul \u00een<\/span> care exist\u0103<\/span> o radiotermit\u0103 ( afectare inflamatorie \u00een<\/span> urma<\/span> radioterapiei), o accentueaz\u0103<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> atunci trebuie protec\u021bie<\/span> \u00eempotriv\u0103<\/span> soarelui. De asemenea, lenjeria, \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintea<\/span> trebuie s\u0103<\/span> fie comode, s\u0103<\/span> nu str\u00e2ng\u0103<\/span>, s\u0103<\/span> nu accentueze reac\u021biile<\/span> cutanate care sunt<\/span> produse de iradiere.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2t de important\u0103<\/span> este echipa<\/span> \u00een<\/span> departamentul de Radioterapie? Exista<\/span> o interdependen\u021b\u0103<\/span> \u00eentre<\/span> membri?<\/h3>\n

Echipa<\/span> \u00eenseamn\u0103<\/span> to\u021bi<\/span> cei care sunt<\/span> implica\u021bi<\/span> \u00een<\/span> preg\u0103tirea<\/span> radioterapiei, \u00een<\/span> efectuarea investiga\u021biei<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> \u00een<\/span> urm\u0103rirea<\/span> pacientului dup\u0103<\/span> Radioterapie. \u00cencep\u00e2nd<\/span> cu personalul din recep\u021bie<\/span>, care \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103<\/span> pacien\u021bii<\/span> \u0219i asigur\u0103<\/span> interfa\u021b\u0103<\/span> \u00eentre<\/span> pacient \u0219i<\/span> medic, \u00eentre<\/span> pacient \u0219i<\/span> echipa<\/span> de tratament care efectueaz\u0103<\/span> radioterapia. Apoi este echipa<\/span> care realizeaz\u0103<\/span> efectiv radioterapia, medicul care d\u0103<\/span> indica\u021bia<\/span> de radioterapie \u0219i<\/span> stabile\u0219te<\/span> dozele, asigur\u0103<\/span> urm\u0103rirea<\/span> pacientului intraterapeutic\u0103 \u0219i<\/span> postterapeutic\u0103.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, este fizicianul medical, care este extrem de important. El este cel care contribuie la<\/span> efectuarea unui bun plan de tratament, pune \u00een<\/span> practic\u0103<\/span> ceea ce doctorul a stabilit prin decizia terapeutic\u0103<\/span>. Bine\u00een\u021beles<\/span>, sunt<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> asisten\u021bii<\/span> de aparat<\/span>, cei care apas\u0103<\/span> pe buton, cei care pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103<\/span> pacientul \u0219i<\/span> care efectueaz\u0103<\/span> iradierea \u00een<\/span> fiecare zi. To\u021bi<\/span> sunt<\/span> foarte importan\u021bi<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> succesul radioterapiei depinde de o colaborare foarte bun\u0103<\/span> \u0219i<\/span> rela\u021bii<\/span> extrem de bune \u00eentre<\/span> membrii echipei.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Num\u0103rul cazurilor de cancer din Rom\u00e2nia ne situeaz\u0103 pe locuri frunta\u0219e \u00een Europa. C\u00e2t de mult a evoluat Radioterapia \u00een ultima vreme \u0219i cum se percepe \u00een Romania aceast\u0103 evolu\u021bie? A evoluat mult \u00een termeni de precizie a iradierii \u0219i \u00een termeni de siguran\u021b\u0103 pentru pacien\u021bi. Are tot mai pu\u021bine reac\u021bii adverse \u0219i devine tot […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3508,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3505","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-interviuri"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3505"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3505\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}