{"id":6345,"date":"2025-09-15T11:49:12","date_gmt":"2025-09-15T08:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/noutati\/astmul-bronsic-ce-este-ce-simptome-are-si-cum-poate-fi-controlat\/"},"modified":"2025-09-15T11:49:15","modified_gmt":"2025-09-15T08:49:15","slug":"astmul-bronsic-ce-este-ce-simptome-are-si-cum-poate-fi-controlat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/noutati\/astmul-bronsic-ce-este-ce-simptome-are-si-cum-poate-fi-controlat\/","title":{"rendered":"Astmul bron\u0219ic: ce este, ce simptome are \u0219i cum poate fi controlat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Astmul bron\u0219ic este o <strong>boal\u0103 inflamatorie cronic\u0103 a c\u0103ilor respiratorii<\/strong>, care determin\u0103 episoade recurente de <strong>respira\u021bie dificil\u0103 (dispnee), tuse, wheezing<\/strong> (\u0219uier\u0103turi \u00een piept) \u0219i <strong>senza\u021bie de constric\u021bie toracic\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0103ile respiratorii devin <strong>hipersensibile<\/strong> \u0219i reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 exagerat la anumi\u021bi factori, ceea ce duce la \u00eengustarea lor, \u00eengreun\u00e2nd respira\u021bia. Astmul poate ap\u0103rea la orice v\u00e2rst\u0103, dar este mai frecvent diagnosticat \u00een copil\u0103rie \u0219i adolescen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Cauze \u0219i factori de risc<\/h3>\n<p>Cauza exact\u0103 a astmului nu este complet cunoscut\u0103, dar este rezultatul unei combina\u021bii \u00eentre <strong>factori genetici<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>factori de mediu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ce favorizeaz\u0103 apari\u021bia astmului?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Predispozi\u021bia genetic\u0103<\/strong> (istoric familial de astm sau alte boli alergice)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alergeni respiratori<\/strong> (praf, acarieni, polen, mucegai, p\u0103r de animale)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Infec\u021bii respiratorii frecvente<\/strong> \u00een copil\u0103rie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Expunerea la fum de \u021bigar\u0103<\/strong> (inclusiv pasiv)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Poluarea aerului<\/strong>, iritan\u021bi chimici<\/li>\n<li><strong>Factori profesionali<\/strong> (inhalarea de vapori toxici sau pulberi)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obezitatea<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Stresul \u0219i emo\u021biile intense<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Schimb\u0103rile bru\u0219te de temperatur\u0103 sau efortul fizic intens<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Simptome<\/h3>\n<p>Astmul bron\u0219ic poate avea simptome u\u0219oare, moderate sau severe. Acestea pot ap\u0103rea spontan sau \u00een episoade (crize de astm):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie (dispnee)<\/strong>, mai ales la efort sau noaptea<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tuse seac\u0103<\/strong>, persistent\u0103, adesea agravat\u0103 noaptea sau diminea\u021ba<\/li>\n<li><strong>Respira\u021bie \u0219uier\u0103toare<\/strong> (wheezing) \u2013 un sunet specific, ca un fluier, \u00een timpul expira\u021biei<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senza\u021bie de ap\u0103sare sau constric\u021bie \u00een piept<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Oboseal\u0103 sau dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een vorbire \u00een cazurile mai severe<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Criza de astm<\/strong> este o agravare brusc\u0103 a simptomelor care necesit\u0103 tratament imediat \u2013 \u00een unele cazuri poate pune via\u021ba \u00een pericol.<\/p>\n<h3>Cum se diagnosticheaz\u0103 astmul bron\u0219ic?<\/h3>\n<p>Diagnosticul de astm bron\u0219ic se stabile\u0219te de medicul pneumolog sau alergolog, prin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Istoricul clinic<\/strong> (simptomele, frecven\u021ba \u0219i factorii declan\u0219atori)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ausculta\u021bia pulmonar\u0103<\/strong> (detectarea wheezing-ului)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/pneumologie\/\"><strong>Spirometrie<\/strong> <\/a>\u2013 test ce m\u0103soar\u0103 func\u021bia pulmonar\u0103, confirm\u00e2nd obstruc\u021bia reversibil\u0103 a bronhiilor<\/li>\n<li><strong>Testul bronhodilatator<\/strong> \u2013 evaluarea r\u0103spunsului la medicamente care dilat\u0103 c\u0103ile respiratorii<\/li>\n<li><strong>Teste alergologice<\/strong>, dac\u0103 se suspecteaz\u0103 astmul alergic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Este periculos astmul bron\u0219ic?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Astmul netratat sau controlat necorespunz\u0103tor<\/strong> poate duce la:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Crize frecvente \u0219i severe<\/strong> care pot necesita spitalizare<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sc\u0103derea calit\u0103\u021bii vie\u021bii<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Oboseal\u0103 cronic\u0103 \u0219i performan\u021b\u0103 fizic\u0103 redus\u0103<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Complica\u021bii respiratorii<\/strong>, cum ar fi infec\u021biile repetate sau chiar insuficien\u021ba respiratorie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Totu\u0219i, cu tratamentul corect, majoritatea pacien\u021bilor cu astm pot avea o via\u021b\u0103 normal\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Ce putem face dac\u0103 avem astm bron\u0219ic? Exist\u0103 tratament?<\/h3>\n<p>Da, exist\u0103 tratamente eficiente care pot controla simptomele \u0219i preveni crizele.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Tratament medicamentos (prescris de medic)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Inhalatoare cu corticosteroizi<\/strong> \u2013 reduc inflama\u021bia c\u0103ilor respiratorii (tratament de fond)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bronhodilatatoare cu ac\u021biune rapid\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 pentru crize (ex: salbutamol)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bronhodilatatoare cu ac\u021biune prelungit\u0103<\/strong>, combinate uneori cu corticosteroizi inhalatori<\/li>\n<li><strong>Antileucotriene<\/strong> sau <strong>anticorpi monoclonali<\/strong> \u00een formele severe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Evitarea factorilor declan\u0219atori<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/noutati\/alergiile-respiratorii-ce-sunt-cauze-simptome-si-cum-le-tratam\/\">Evita\u021bi alergenii<\/a>, fumul de \u021bigar\u0103, poluarea, aerul rece sau prea uscat<\/li>\n<li>Trata\u021bi prompt<a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/noutati\/bolile-respiratorii-semne-de-alarma-si-importanta-diagnosticarii-precoce\/\"> infec\u021biile respiratorii<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gestiona\u021bi stresul<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Monitorizarea bolii<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Folosirea unui <strong>debitmetru<\/strong> pentru a verifica zilnic fluxul expirator de v\u00e2rf (PEF)<\/li>\n<li>Urm\u0103rirea simptomelor \u0219i adaptarea tratamentului \u00eempreun\u0103 cu medicul<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Educa\u021bie \u0219i stil de via\u021b\u0103<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Respectarea tratamentului, chiar \u0219i \u00een lipsa simptomelor<\/li>\n<li>Practicarea regulat\u0103 a unui sport moderat, cu \u00eenc\u0103lzire \u00eenainte<\/li>\n<li>Vaccinare anual\u0103 antigripal\u0103 \u0219i anti-pneumococic\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Preven\u021bie \u0219i sfaturi utile<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Evita\u021bi fumatul<\/strong> \u0219i expunerea la fum pasiv<\/li>\n<li>Men\u021bine\u021bi casa <strong>curat\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 praf \u0219i mucegai<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Folosi\u021bi <strong>huse antiacarieni<\/strong> pentru saltele \u0219i perne<\/li>\n<li>Monitoriza\u021bi <strong>alergenii sezonieri<\/strong> (cum ar fi polenul) \u0219i evita\u021bi expunerea \u00een perioadele de v\u00e2rf<\/li>\n<li>Consulta\u021bi periodic medicul \u0219i ajusta\u021bi tratamentul \u00een func\u021bie de severitatea bolii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Astmul bron\u0219ic este o boal\u0103 cronic\u0103 frecvent\u0103, dar cu un <strong>control bun \u0219i un tratament adecvat<\/strong>, persoanele afectate pot tr\u0103i activ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 limit\u0103ri. Colaborarea constant\u0103 cu medicul, evitarea factorilor de risc \u0219i educa\u021bia privind gestionarea crizelor sunt esen\u021biale pentru a preveni <a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/noutati\/pneumonia-ce-este-cum-apare-si-cum-se-trateaza\/\">complica\u021biile<\/a> \u0219i a men\u021bine o calitate bun\u0103 a vie\u021bii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astmul bron\u0219ic este o boal\u0103 inflamatorie cronic\u0103 a c\u0103ilor respiratorii, care determin\u0103 episoade recurente de respira\u021bie dificil\u0103 (dispnee), tuse, wheezing (\u0219uier\u0103turi \u00een piept) \u0219i senza\u021bie de constric\u021bie toracic\u0103. C\u0103ile respiratorii devin hipersensibile \u0219i reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 exagerat la anumi\u021bi factori, ceea ce duce la \u00eengustarea lor, \u00eengreun\u00e2nd respira\u021bia. Astmul poate ap\u0103rea la orice v\u00e2rst\u0103, dar este mai [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6345","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articole"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}