{"id":6378,"date":"2025-10-10T17:34:53","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T14:34:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/noutati\/polipii-digestivi-ce-sunt-cum-se-depisteaza-si-cand-trebuie-tratati\/"},"modified":"2025-10-10T17:43:43","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T14:43:43","slug":"polipii-digestivi-ce-sunt-cum-se-depisteaza-si-cand-trebuie-tratati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/noutati\/polipii-digestivi-ce-sunt-cum-se-depisteaza-si-cand-trebuie-tratati\/","title":{"rendered":"Polipii digestivi \u2013 ce sunt, cum se depisteaz\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2nd trebuie trata\u021bi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Polipii sunt <strong>forma\u021biuni de \u021besut anormal<\/strong> care se dezvolt\u0103 pe mucoasa tractului digestiv. Pot ap\u0103rea \u00een diferite zone \u2013 cel mai frecvent la nivelul <strong>colonului \u0219i rectului<\/strong>, dar \u0219i \u00een stomac sau esofag. Majoritatea polipilor sunt benigni (necancero\u0219i), \u00eens\u0103 unii pot evolua \u00een timp spre <strong>leziuni precanceroase<\/strong> sau chiar <strong>cancer colorectal<\/strong>, motiv pentru care monitorizarea lor este esen\u021bial\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2nd ar trebui s\u0103 te \u00eengrijorezi?<\/h3>\n<p>De cele mai multe ori, polipii nu dau simptome \u0219i sunt descoperi\u021bi \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor, \u00een timpul unor investiga\u021bii precum <a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/noutati\/importanta-screeningului-si-preventiei-prin-colonoscopie\/\"><strong>colonoscopia<\/strong><\/a> sau <strong>endoscopia digestiv\u0103 superioar\u0103<\/strong>. Totu\u0219i, trebuie s\u0103 mergi la medic dac\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ai <strong>s\u00e2nge \u00een scaun<\/strong> sau scaune de culoare \u00eenchis\u0103 (negre)<\/li>\n<li>Prezin\u021bi <strong>diaree sau constipa\u021bie persistent\u0103<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Sim\u021bi <strong>durere sau disconfort abdominal<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ai <strong>anemie prin deficit de fier<\/strong> f\u0103r\u0103 cauz\u0103 evident\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Ai <strong>pierdere \u00een greutate neinten\u021bionat\u0103<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ai istoric familial de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/noutati\/screnngul-pentru-identificarea-cancerului-colorectal\/\">cancer colorectal<\/a> sau polipoz\u0103 familial\u0103<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cauze \u0219i factori de risc<\/h3>\n<p>Nu exist\u0103 o singur\u0103 cauz\u0103 a polipilor, ci o combina\u021bie de factori:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00e2rsta<\/strong> \u2013 riscul cre\u0219te dup\u0103 50 de ani<\/li>\n<li><strong>Predispozi\u021bia genetic\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 sindroame ereditare precum polipoza adenomatoas\u0103 familial\u0103 sau sindromul Lynch<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dieta bogat\u0103 \u00een gr\u0103simi \u0219i carne ro\u0219ie<\/strong> \u0219i s\u0103rac\u0103 \u00een fibre<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sedentarismul \u0219i obezitatea<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Consumul de alcool \u0219i fumatul<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Inflama\u021bii cronice intestinale<\/strong> (colit\u0103 ulcerativ\u0103, boala Crohn)<\/li>\n<li>Dezechilibre hormonale sau tulbur\u0103ri metabolice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Simptomele polipilor digestivi<\/h3>\n<p>De cele mai multe ori, polipii nu provoac\u0103 manifest\u0103ri clinice, \u00eens\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd apar, simptomele pot include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u00e2nger\u0103ri rectale<\/strong> vizibile sau oculte<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scaune negre, lucioase (melena)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Tulbur\u0103ri de tranzit<\/strong> \u2013 diaree, constipa\u021bie, scaune sub\u021biri<\/li>\n<li><strong>Durere abdominal\u0103<\/strong> nespecific\u0103<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anemie<\/strong> \u2013 oboseal\u0103, ame\u021beli, paloare<\/li>\n<li>Rareori, polipii mari pot duce la <strong>ocluzie intestinal\u0103<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cum se pune diagnosticul?<\/h3>\n<p>Pentru identificarea polipilor, medicul gastroenterolog poate recomanda:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Colonoscopie<\/strong> \u2013 metoda principal\u0103 pentru polipii de colon \u0219i rect; permite \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rtarea polipilor \u00een timpul procedurii<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/noutati\/endoscopia-digestiva-superioara-cand-este-recomandata-si-ce-trebuie-sa-stii\/\"><strong>Endoscopie digestiv\u0103 superioar\u0103<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 pentru polipii gastrici sau esofagieni<\/li>\n<li><strong>Teste de scaun pentru s\u00e2nge ocult<\/strong> \u2013 pot indica prezen\u021ba unei s\u00e2nger\u0103ri ascunse<\/li>\n<li><strong>CT colonografie (colonoscopie virtual\u0103)<\/strong> \u2013 alternativ\u0103 pentru depistarea polipilor mari<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analize de s\u00e2nge<\/strong> \u2013 pentru evaluarea anemiei<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tratamentul polipilor<\/h3>\n<p>Tratamentul depinde de tipul, dimensiunea \u0219i localizarea polipilor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polipectomia endoscopic\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 cea mai frecvent\u0103 metod\u0103; polipii sunt \u00eendep\u0103rta\u021bi \u00een timpul colonoscopiei<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chirurgie laparoscopic\u0103 sau clasic\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 indicat\u0103 \u00een cazul polipilor foarte mari, greu accesibili sau \u00eenso\u021bi\u021bi de risc malign<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monitorizare periodic\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 \u00een cazurile de polipi benigni mici, medicul poate recomanda doar urm\u0103rirea lor prin colonoscopie la intervale regulate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pot fi preveni\u021bi polipii?<\/h3>\n<p>Nu to\u021bi polipii pot fi preveni\u021bi, dar riscul poate fi redus prin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Adoptarea unei diete s\u0103n\u0103toase<\/strong> \u2013 bogat\u0103 \u00een fructe, legume, fibre, cu reducerea consumului de carne ro\u0219ie \u0219i alimente procesate<\/li>\n<li><strong>Men\u021binerea unei greut\u0103\u021bi corporale optime<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Exerci\u021bii fizice regulate<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Evitarea fumatului \u0219i a alcoolului \u00een exces<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Screening regulat dup\u0103 v\u00e2rsta de 45-50 ani<\/strong> sau mai devreme dac\u0103 exist\u0103 istoric familial<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Polipii digestivi sunt frecven\u021bi \u0219i de cele mai multe ori inofensivi, dar unii pot reprezenta un <strong>pas intermediar spre cancer<\/strong>. Depistarea precoce prin <a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/noutati\/colonoscopia-cand-este-necesara-cum-se-desfasoara-si-ce-trebuie-sa-stii\/\">colonoscopie<\/a> \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rtarea lor la timp pot preveni complica\u021biile grave. Dac\u0103 ai simptome sugestive sau factori de risc, discut\u0103 cu medicul <a href=\"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/medici\/?specialitate=gastroenterologie\">gastroenterolog<\/a> despre efectuarea unei colonoscopii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polipii sunt forma\u021biuni de \u021besut anormal care se dezvolt\u0103 pe mucoasa tractului digestiv. Pot ap\u0103rea \u00een diferite zone \u2013 cel mai frecvent la nivelul colonului \u0219i rectului, dar \u0219i \u00een stomac sau esofag. Majoritatea polipilor sunt benigni (necancero\u0219i), \u00eens\u0103 unii pot evolua \u00een timp spre leziuni precanceroase sau chiar cancer colorectal, motiv pentru care monitorizarea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6378","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articole"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6378"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6380,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6378\/revisions\/6380"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neolife.ro\/enayati\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}